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| Conditional Sentences |
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Diese Sätze bestehen aus zwei Teilen, dem Nebensatz (if-Satz) und dem Hauptsatz. Der Nebensatz
drückt eine Bedingung aus (Wenn...); der Hauptsatz sagt, was folgt, wenn diese Bedingung erfüllt ist.
Dabei unterscheidet
man drei unterschiedliche Bedingungen und damit auch drei unterschiedliche Bedingungssatztypen:
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Nebensatz
(if-clause)
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Hauptsatz
(main clause)
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Typ 1
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erfüllbare Bedingung
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Folge ist sehr wahrscheinlich
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If it rains,
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I will stay at home.
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| Zeit
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 simple present
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will-future
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Typ 2
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wahrscheinlich nicht erfüllbare Bedingung
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Folge ist eher unwahrscheinlich
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If it rained,
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I would stay at home.
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| Zeit
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simple past
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conditional
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Typ 3
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nicht mehr erfüllbare Bedingung
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Folge ist nicht mehr möglich
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If it had rained,
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I would have stayed at home.
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| Zeit
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past perfect
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conditional perfect
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Man braucht also nicht mehr als sechs Zeitformen zu können, um alle Bedingungssätze zu bilden.
Auf eine Sache musst du aber besonders achten: Nebensatz und Hauptsatz können ihre Plätze tauschen.
Dabei nehmen sie ihre Zeitformen mit und man setzt kein Komma.
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Hauptsatz
(main clause)
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Nebensatz
(if-clause)
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I will stay at home
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if it rains.
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will-future
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simple present
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| simple present |
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Das simple present sieht aus wie der Infinitiv, die Grundform des Verbs. Eine Besonderheit ist, dass man bei den Personen he, she, it ein s an das Verb anhängt. Die Verneinung
bildet man mit don't und doesn't, und die Fragestellung mit Do und Does. Sieh dir die Beispiele an.
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| Aussage
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Verneinung
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Frage
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I take
you take
he takes
she takes
it takes
we take
they take
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I don't take
you don't take
he doesn't take
she doesn't take
it doesn't take
we don't take
they don't take
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Do I take?
Do you take?
Does he take?
Does she take?
Does it take?
Do we take?
Do they take?
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Das Verb be ist im simple present etwas Besonderes, weil man in der Verneinung kein don't oder doesn't braucht. Deshalb hier noch die Beispiele.
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I am
you are
he is
she is
it is
we are
they are
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I am not
you are not
he is not
she is not
it is not
we are not
they are not
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Am I?
Are you?
Is he?
Is she?
Is it?
Are we?
Are they?
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 nach oben
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| will-future |
Das will-future ist die einfache Zukunftszeitform und wird mit will und dem Infinitiv (der Grundform) des Verbs gebildet.
Das gilt für alle Personen. Eine kleine Besonderheit gibt es in der Verneinung: Hier wird statt will not häufig die Kurzform won't gebraucht.
Beide Formen sind aber immer zulässig.
Aufpassen bei der Übersetzung:
I will go heißt NICHT Ich will gehen, sondern Ich werde gehen!
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| Aussage
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Verneinung
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Frage
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I will take
you will take
he will take
she will take
it will take
we will take
they will take
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I won't take
you won't take
he won't take
she won't take
it won't take
we won't take
they won't take
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Will I take?
Will you take?
Will he take?
Will she take?
Will it take?
Will we take?
Will they take?
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Das Verb be funktioniert im will-future wie alle anderen Verben auch. Trotzdem hier noch die Beispiele.
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I will be
you will be
he will be
she will be
it will be
we will be
they will be
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I won't be
you won't be
he won't be
she won't be
it won't be
we won't be
they won't be
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Will I be?
Will you be?
Will he be?
Will she be?
Will it be?
Will we be?
Will they be?
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nach oben
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| simple past |
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Das simple past ist die einfache Vergangenheitszeitform. Man bildet es bei regelmäßigen Verben, indem man an den Infinitiv, die Grundform des Verbs, die Endung ed anhängt.
Unregelmäßige Verben haben eine eigene Vergangenheitsform, die nur selten etwas mit der Grundform zu tun hat.
Die Verneinung bildet man mit didn't + Infinitiv, und die Fragestellung mit Did + Infinitiv.
Sieh dir die Beispiele an.
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| Aussage
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Verneinung
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Frage
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I took
you took
he took
she took
it took
we took
they took
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I didn't take
you didn't take
he didn't take
she didn't take
it didn't take
we didn't take
they didn't take
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Did I take?
Did you take?
Did he take?
Did she take?
Did it take?
Did we take?
Did they take?
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Das Verb be ist auch im simple past etwas Besonderes, weil man in der Verneinung kein didn't braucht. Deshalb auch hier noch die Beispiele.
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I was
you were
he was
she was
it was
we were
they were
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I was not
you were not
he was not
she was not
it was not
we were not
they were not
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Was I?
Were you?
Was he?
Was she?
Was it?
Were we?
Were they?
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nach oben
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| conditional |
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Das conditional ist einfache Möglichkeitszeitform und wird mit would und dem Infinitiv (der Grundform) des Verbs gebildet.
Das gilt für alle Personen. Bei der Übersetzung ins Deutsche gebraucht man fast immer die Form würde: I would go = Ich würde gehen.
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| Aussage
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Verneinung
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Frage
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I would take
you would take
he would take
she would take
it would take
we would take
they would take
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I wouldn't take
you wouldn't take
he wouldn't take
she wouldn't take
it wouldn't take
we wouldn't take
they wouldn't take
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Would I take?
Would you take?
Would he take?
Would she take?
Would it take?
Would we take?
Would they take?
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Das Verb be funktioniert im conditional wie alle anderen Verben auch. Trotzdem hier noch die Beispiele.
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I would be
you would be
he would be
she would be
it would be
we would be
they would be
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I wouldn't be
you wouldn't be
he wouldn't be
she wouldn't be
it wouldn't be
we wouldn't be
they wouldn't be
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Would I be?
Would you be?
Would he be?
Would she be?
Would it be?
Would we be?
Would they be?
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nach oben
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| past perfect |
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Das past perfect ist die Vorvergangenheitszeitform. Man bildet es mit had und dem past participle des Verbs.
Das gilt durchgehend für alle Personen. Sieh dir die Beispiele an.
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| Aussage
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Verneinung
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Frage
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I had taken
you had taken
he had taken
she had taken
it had taken
we had taken
they had taken
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I hadn't taken
you hadn't taken
he hadn't taken
she hadn't taken
it hadn't taken
we hadn't taken
they hadn't taken
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Had I taken?
Had you taken?
Had he taken?
Had she taken?
Had it taken?
Had we taken?
Had they taken?
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Das Verb be funktioniert im conditional wie alle anderen Verben auch. Trotzdem hier noch die Beispiele.
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I had been
you had been
he had been
she had been
it had been
we had been
they had been
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I hadn't been
you hadn't been
he hadn't been
she hadn't been
it hadn't been
we hadn't been
they hadn't been
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Had I been?
Had you been?
Had he been?
Had she been?
Had it been?
Had we been?
Had they been?
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nach oben
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| conditional perfect |
Das conditional perfect ist eine weitere Möglichkeitszeitform und wird mit would have und dem past participle des Verbs gebildet.
Das gilt für alle Personen. Bei der Übersetzung ins Deutsche gebraucht man fast immer die Form hätte oder wäre:
I would have gone = Ich wäre gegangen
oder I would have taken = Ich hätte genommen.
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| Aussage
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Verneinung
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Frage
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I would have taken
you would have taken
he would have taken
she would have taken
it would have taken
we would have taken
they would have taken
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I wouldn't have taken
you wouldn't have taken
he wouldn't have taken
she wouldn't have taken
it wouldn't have taken
we wouldn't have taken
they wouldn't have taken
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Would I have taken?
Would you have taken?
Would he have taken?
Would she have taken?
Would it have taken?
Would we have taken?
Would they have taken?
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Das Verb be funktioniert im conditional wie alle anderen Verben auch. Trotzdem hier noch die Beispiele.
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I would have been
you would have been
he would have been
she would have been
it would have been
we would have been
they would have been
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I wouldn't have been
you wouldn't have been
he wouldn't have been
she wouldn't have been
it wouldn't have been
we wouldn't have been
they wouldn't have been
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Would I have been?
Would you have been?
Would he have been?
Would she have been?
Would it have been?
Would we have been?
Would they have been?
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nach oben
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